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notes:r_cheat_sheet [2014/10/01 03:32]
smthng [Plotting] |
notes:r_cheat_sheet [2015/01/10 15:24]
smthng [Vectors] |
| |
| * ''R'' is the command-line interpreter | * ''R'' is the command-line interpreter |
| | * ''install.packages("ggplot2") '' to install additional packages |
| | |
| * Expressions are evaluated and displayed e.g. 1, 1+1, "Hello World" | * Expressions are evaluated and displayed e.g. 1, 1+1, "Hello World" |
| * Booleans are e.g. ''1=1'' , ''3>4'' , ''TRUE'', T, ''FALSE'', F | * Booleans are e.g. ''1=1'' , ''3>4'' , ''TRUE'', T, ''FALSE'', F |
| * For variable assignment ''x=1'' or ''x<-1'' | * For variable assignment ''x=1'' or ''x<-1'' |
| * For help on a function use ''help(sum)'' or ''example(sqrt)'' | * For help on a function use ''help(sum)'' , ''help(package='ggplot2')'' or ''example(sqrt)'' |
| * Operations are ''+ - * / = <-'' | * Operations are ''+ - * / = <-'' |
| * ''NA'' is used to express a missing or unknown data value. Expressions on NA return NA. | * ''NA'' is used to express a missing or unknown data value. Expressions on NA return NA. |
| |
| ===== Vectors ===== | ===== Vectors ===== |
| * To create a vector, use the combine command ''c(4,7,9)'' | * To create a vector, use the combine command ''c(4,7,9)'' |
| * ''myseq[3]'' to access third element i.e. vectors indexed starting at 1. | * ''myseq[3]'' to access third element i.e. vectors indexed starting at 1. |
| * Use a vector as an index to access multiple elements e.g. ''myseq[c(1,3)]'' | * Use a vector as an index to access multiple elements e.g. ''myseq[c(1,3)]'' |
| * The ''names'' function can be used to assign names to vector elements. Once names are asigned, they can be sed as indices e.g. <code> | * The ''names'' function can be used to assign names to vector elements. Once names are asigned, they can be used as indices e.g. <code> |
| names(myseq)=c('one','two','three') | names(myseq)=c('one','two','three') |
| myseq['two']</code> | myseq['two']</code> |
| * ''myseq + 1'' adds one to all elements of the myseq vector. | * ''myseq + 1'' adds one to all elements of the myseq vector. |
| * Scalar operations or functions on vectors typically produce other vectors e.g. + - == sin(myseq) | * Scalar operations or functions on vectors typically produce other vectors e.g. + - == sin(myseq) |
| | * ''head(myvec)'' , ''tail(myvec)'' to show start or end of vector |
| |
| ===== Plotting ===== | ===== Plotting ===== |
| |
| * ''barplot[myseq]'' creates a bar plot of the ''myseq'' vector. | * ''barplot[myseq]'' creates a bar plot of the ''myseq'' vector. ''abline(h=y)'' plots a horizontal line at height y. |
| * ''plot[x,y]'' plots x vs y e.g. <code> | * ''plot[x,y]'' plots x vs y e.g. <code> |
| x=seq[0,20,.1] | x=seq[0,20,.1] |
| * ''persp(mymat)'' plots a contour map in perspective. | * ''persp(mymat)'' plots a contour map in perspective. |
| * ''image(volcano)'' generates a heat map of the matrix. | * ''image(volcano)'' generates a heat map of the matrix. |
| | * ''qplot(weights, prices, color=types)'' - more attractive plotting using ggplot2 package. |
| ===== Matrices ===== | ===== Matrices ===== |
| |
| * dim(myseq) can be used to change dimensions of a matrix | * dim(myseq) can be used to change dimensions of a matrix |
| * ''mymatrix[3,4]'' returns an element of the matrix (row,column). | * ''mymatrix[3,4]'' returns an element of the matrix (row,column). |
| * ''mymatrix[,2] returns entire second column. | * ''mymatrix[,2]'' returns entire second column. |
| | |
| | ===== Data Sets ===== |
| | * ''factor'' is a collection type for categorized values - ''myfac=factor(myvec)'' |
| | * ''factor''s group unique string values as ''level''s e.g. levels(myfac) shows unique levels. |
| | * ''as.integer(myfac)'' shows levels as integers, can be used to set plot type |
| | * ''legend("topright", levels(types), pch=1:length(levels(types)))'' |
| | * A data frame collects sets of related values (i.e. sets of columns with values in the same order) e.g. ''mydf=data.frame(weights,prices,types)'' |
| | * To extract a column, use double-square brackets with the column index or name e.g. ''mydf%%[['weights']]%%'' or just a dollar sign e.g. ''treasure$prices'' |
| | * ''merge'' merges data sets by joining on shared column names |
| | |
| | ===== Statistics ===== |
| |
| | * ''mean(myvec) median(myvec) sd(myvec)'' |
| | * ''cor.test'' tests for correlation (Pearson's product-moment) |
| | * ''line = lm(cola ~ colb)'' calculates a linear model between cola and colb that can be plotted with ''abline(line)'' |
| | * |
| ===== File Handling ===== | ===== File Handling ===== |
| |
| * ''list.files()'' to list files in furrent directory | * ''list.files()'' to list files in furrent directory |
| * ''source("file.R")'' to load file of code | * ''source("file.R")'' to load file of code |
| | * ''read.csv('mydat.csv')'' to load a csv file |
| | * ''read.table'' to read text data with other separators |
| | * ''con<-url("http://google.com","r")'' to read a webpage |
| | * ''x<-readLines(con)'' to convert to an array of lines |
