====== Vim Cheat Sheet ======

===== Overview =====

[[http://www.vim.org/ | Vim]] is a powerful, lightweight text editor which is primarily keyboard driven. Because it is keyboard-driven its power is often not fully realized. This cheat sheet will explore some of vim's features as well as serve as a quick reference.

Vim has three main modes.
  * Navigation mode -  The default mode is a navigation mode used to move around the document.
  * Edit mode -  Using an editing command puts vim into an edit mode where everything typed is either inserted or overwritten into the document. ESC will exit edit mode.
  * Highlight mode - This similar to navigation mode but everything from the first position of the cursor to the current position is selected.

===== Navigation =====

In navigation mode, the following can be used to move around

  *  **← h ↓ j k ↑ l →** - Move by one letter -  : h-left, l-right, j-down, k-up
  * **w b e** - Move by words -  w - next word, b - prev word, e - end of word
  * **W B E** Move by sequences of non-blanks (Words) -  W - next Word, B - prev Word, E - end of Word
  * **f F** - find character, Find character backwards
  * **t T** - stop before next/last instance of character
  * **; ,** - repeat or reverse last t/T/f/F

  * **()** - goto start or end of sentence
  * **{}** - goto start or end of pargraph
  * **%** jump to matching brace
  * **gg/G** - goto start or end of buffer
  * **0 ^ $** - goto start, first non-blank, end of line
  * **nG** - goto line n
  * **+/-** - goto next/previous line
  * **H M L** - goto top / middle / bottom of screen

===== Basic Editing =====

  * **i I** - insert / insert at start of line
  * **a A** - append, append to end of line
  * **R** - overwrite
  * **dd cc** - delete or change line (enter insert mode)
  * **D C** - delete or change to end of line
  * **d c [n] X** - delete or change where X is a navigation command eg d2w. Change enters insert mode.
  * **o O** - open new line for inserting below or above
  * **x s** - delete character, delete character and start inserting
  * **S** - delete line and start inserting
  * **r** - replace single character
  * **J** - join line with next one

===== Copying & Pasting =====

  * **d|y [n] X** - delete or yank text into buffer
  * **dd yy** - delete or yank line into buffer
  * **p P** - paste after or before
  * **ctrl-R** - paste while in edit mode
  * **"[a-z]** - used before delete/yank/paste to specify a register
  * **"[A-Z]** - used before delete/yank to append to previous contents of register
  * **"* "+** - Use system clipboard as register
  * **v V ctrl-V** - enter select mode (character, line or block)

===== Searching & Bookmarks =====

  * **/ ?** - Start incremental search forwards or backwards
  * **n N** - next match forwards or backwards
  * ** * #** - Search for next/previous instance of word under cursor
  * **m[a-z]** - set a bookmark
  * **`[a-z]** - jump to bookmark
  * **'[a-z]** - jump to first non-blank on bookmarked line
  * **[A-Z]** - global bookmarks (not buffer-specific)
  * **.** - bookmark of last modification

===== Folding =====

  * Folding allows temporarily hiding blocks of text. Folding commands start with z.
  * **zR zr** - opens all folds / one level of folds
  * **zM zm ** - closes all folds / one level of folds
  * **zO zo** - opens all folds at the cursor / one level of folds at the cursor
  * **zC zc** - closes all folds at the cursor / one level of folds at the cursor
  * **[z ]z** - jump to start/end of fold
  * **zj zk** - jump to previous / next fold
  * **zE zd** - delete all folds / fold at cursor

===== Assorted =====
  * **q[a-z]** - start recording macro
  * **qq** - stop recording macro
  * **@[a-z]** - play macro
  * **@@** - play last played macro

  * **> <[n]X** - indent / unindent 
  * **i a** - after d/c/y/</> inner block or inner block including delimiters. e.g. di( deletes current bracketed block
  

  * **u / U** - undo , undo change to entire line
  * **ctrl-r** - redo
  * **ZZ** - save and quit
  * **ZQ** - quit without saving