notes:css_cheat_sheet

CSS Cheat Sheet

This is a summarized form of the CSS Tutorial.

For reference this is the CSS2 Specification .

What is CSS

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
Styles define how to display HTML elements. Style sheets are collections of styles.
Multiple style sheets will cascade into a single style definition.

There are 3 ways to specify styles (decreasing priority):

inline as an element style attribute
```
 <p style="color: sienna>text</p>
```

in an internal style sheet in the head

 <head> <style type="text/css">
<!--
hr {color: sienna}
-->
</style> </head>

in an external style sheet in a css file

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="style.css" />

CSS Syntax

CSS syntax is made up of three parts - selector {property: value}.

Multiple property-value pairs may be separated by semi-colons.
Multiple selectors must be separated by commas
Values must be quoted if they are multiple words

A simple example

h1,h2,h3 {
text-align: center;
color: black;
font-family: "sans serif" }

Classes allow groups of elements to share formatting e.g.

p.right {text-align: right}
.blue {color: blue}
<p class="right blue">right-aligned blue text</p>

Styles can also match on attribute values or id e.g.

input[type="text"] {background-color: blue}
#id {background-color: blue}
p#id {background-color: blue}

CSS uses C-style comments - /* comment */ .

CSS Background/Text Properties

Background properties examples

background-color: black;
background-image:  url('bg.jpg');
background-repeat: repeat-[x|y]/no-repeat/repeat;
background-attachment: fixed
background-position: center/30% 20%/50px 100px;
background: blue url('bg.gif') no-repeat fixed center;

Text properties examples

color: #00ff00/green/rgb(0,255,0) ; text-shadow:blue;
text-align: left/right/center/justify ; text-indent: 1cm;
letter-spacing: 0.5cm/-3px ; line-height: 200%;
white-space: nowrap ; word-spacing: 30px
text-decoration: overline/line-through/underline/blink/none
text-transform: uppercase/lowercase/capitalize

Font properties examples

font-family: times/sans-serif ; font-size: 130%
font-size-adjust: 0.60 ; font-variant: small-caps
font-style: italic/oblique ; font-stretch: wider
font-weight: bold/900
font: italic small-caps 900 12px arial
font: caption/icon/menu/message-box/small-caption/status-bar

CSS Border/List Properties

Border properties examples (btlr=bottom/top/left/right. An outline occurs outside of the border.

border-style: medium/solid/double/groove/dotted/
  dashed/inset/outset;
border-btlr: width style color ; border-btlr-style
border-width:5px ; border-btlr-width: thick
border-color: color x 4; border-btlr-color
outline-color/style/width ; outline:color style width

A margin describes space around the element. Padding defines the space between border and content.
```
margin: width x 4 (trbl); margin-btlr
padding: width x 4 (trbl); padding-btlr
```

List properties examples

list-style-type: disc/circle/square/none
list-style-type: lower/upper-roman/alpha / decimal
list-style-image: url('a.gif')
list-style-position: inside/outside
list-style: type position image

Table properties examples

table-layout: automatic/fixed;
border-collapse:collapse/separate; empty-cells:show/hide
border-spacing: width x 2;caption-side: btlr

Sizing and Positioning CSS Properties

Size properties examples

height/width: auto/50%/100px
min/max-height/width:none/50%/100px
line-height: normal/100px/1/50%

Position properties

display: inline/none/block (lots of others)
float: btlr ; 
position: relative(to normal)/absolute(rel to block)
  /fixed(rel to window, doesn't move)/static(normal) ;
bottom/top/left/right: +/-100px/width
vertical-align:top/bottom/text-top/text-bot/sub/super

Visibility properties

visibility:visible/hidden/collapse (for table elems)
clear:left/right/both/none (where floats aren't allowed)
clip: rect(10px, 5px, 10px, 5px)
overflow:auto/scroll/visible/hidden
z-index: 1 (0 is normal)

Advanced CSS

Pseudo classes can restrict the selector. a:hover and a:active may have to come after a:link and a:visited.

selector.class:pseudo-class {property: value}
a:link {color: #FF0000}   (unvisited link)
a:visited {color: #00FF00}  (visited link)
a:hover {color: blue}  (mouse-over element)
a:active {color: #0000FF} (selected element)
a:focus {color: #0000FF} (focused element - not in IE)
p:first-child {font-weight:bold}
p > em:first-child { } ; p:first-child em { }

Pseudo elements are dynamic elements

p:first-letter {} ; p:first-line {} ;
h1:before {} ; h1:after {} ;

@media allows different styles for different media. Media examples include screen, print, handheld, projection, tty, tv, aural, braille.
```
 @media screen,print { p {color:blue} }
```

Misc Properties

opacity:0.4; (for firefox)
filter:alpha(opacity=40) (for IE)
 
onmouseover="this.style.opacity=1;
  this.filters.alpha.opacity=100"
onmouseout="this.style.opacity=0.4;
  this.filters.alpha.opacity=40"
 
cursor:deflt/cursor/pointer/move/wait/help/text/crosshair

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